安眠藥史蒂諾斯（Stilnox）會阻礙大腦憑藉睡眠來排毒的機制，可能進而增加失智風險

本篇研究全文，請見這裡（外部網站），感謝耳鼻喉科徐英碩醫師（外部網站）分享新知。

Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep

As the brain transitions from wakefulness to sleep, processing of external information diminishes while restorative processes, such as glymphatic removal of waste products, are activated. Yet, it is not known what drives brain clearance during sleep.

We here employed an array of technologies and identified tightly synchronized oscillations in norepinephrine, cerebral blood volume, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as the strongest predictors of glymphatic clearance during NREM sleep.

Optogenetic stimulation of the locus coeruleus induced anti-correlated changes in vasomotion and CSF signal. Furthermore, stimulation of arterial oscillations enhanced CSF inflow, demonstrating that vasomotion acts as a pump driving CSF into the brain.

On the contrary, the sleep aid zolpidem suppressed norepinephrine oscillations and glymphatic flow, highlighting the critical role of norepinephrine-driven vascular dynamics in brain clearance.

Thus, the micro-architectural organization of NREM sleep, driven by norepinephrine fluctuations and vascular dynamics, is a key determinant for glymphatic clearance.

原始論文

Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep（外部網站）

Hauglund NL, Andersen M, Tokarska K, Radovanovic T, et al. Cell. 2025;188(3):606-622.e17. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.11.027

論文摘要（Google 翻譯）

以下為 Google 翻譯，並校正明顯錯誤，僅供參考，內容以英文原文為準。

正腎上腺素調控的緩慢血管舒縮驅動睡眠期間的類淋巴清除

當大腦從清醒轉入睡眠，對外界資訊的處理減少，而修復性的過程，例如類淋巴系統清除代謝廢物，則被啟動。然而，睡眠期間是什麼驅動大腦清除，目前仍不清楚。

我們運用多種技術，發現正腎上腺素、腦血容量與腦脊髓液（CSF）三者緊密同步的振盪，是非快速動眼（NREM）睡眠期間類淋巴清除最強的預測因子。

以光遺傳學刺激藍斑核，會引起血管舒縮與腦脊髓液訊號呈負相關的變化。此外，刺激動脈振盪可增加腦脊髓液流入，顯示血管舒縮如同幫浦，將腦脊髓液推入大腦。

相反地，助眠藥 zolpidem（佐沛眠）會抑制正腎上腺素振盪與類淋巴流動，凸顯正腎上腺素驅動的血管動態在大腦清除中的關鍵角色。

因此，由正腎上腺素波動與血管動態驅動的 NREM 睡眠微結構，是類淋巴清除的關鍵決定因素。

其他期刊研究整理，請見這裡。